Langston Hughes Let America Be America Again Poem Analysis

In the fight for equality, people of color often feel isolated and separated from those whose privilege reinforces their oppression. However, there are and always have been white people who see the inequalities that are practiced in society and speak out against them in hopes of reaching equality for all. Langston Hughes used his voice in poetry to express his experience as a black man in the United States during the Civil Rights Movement, and his is a household name. There is no doubt that his words have power. The reader expects to feel his experience and gain empathy and understanding through his poetry. In his poem, â€Å"Let America Be America Again,† Hughes presents his experience of American life in a powerful contrast to the experience†¦show more content†¦The Chili Peppers demonstrate a similar tone. They develop this tone with imagery. They write: Ive got a soul that cannot sleep At night when something just aint right Blood red, but without sight Exploding egos in the night Mix like sticks of dynamite Red black or white, this is my fight (Chili Peppers 1-6) First, they use the image of the restless soul. This evokes the feeling of frustration. They take it further with images of â€Å"Exploding egos† that â€Å"Mix like sticks of dynamite.† Although they cannot truly understand the struggle, their moral or ethical nature does not agree with the injustice that is suffered by others, and this is exhibited in their lyrics. Hughes also addresses the deceptive picture of America that has been painted by those who refuse to admit the reality of oppression through figurative language. He writes: O, let my land be a land where Liberty Is crowned with no false patriotic wreath, But opportunity is real, and life is free, Equality is in the air we breathe. (Hughes 11-14) Hughes personifies liberty but dresses her in a wreath crown with fake patriotism. The land he seeks would be rid of this deception. Americans boast of liberty and freedom, but it is not for all because equality is not â€Å"in the air we breathe.† Hughes’ use of personification brings the idea of liberty down to a human level and makes it more realistic. This use of figurative language calls for a realistic view of the situation. TheShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of The Literary Work Let America Be America Again By Langston Hughes1324 Words   |  6 PagesEnglish 102 Historical analysis of the literary work â€Å"Let America be America Again† by Langston Hughes Man has always been interested in analyzing issues in the history of the world. People tend to appreciate it when grand historical events are described in works of literature. Consequently, writers and poets, try to capture every single step of societal and personal experiences in their works. One of such writers is Langston Hughes whose poem â€Å"Let America be America Again† speaks to certainRead MoreLangston Hughes : A Modernist1222 Words   |  5 PagesSappington 13 Apr. 2017 Langston Hughes: A Modernist Credited as being the most recognizable figure of the Harlem Renaissance, Langston Hughes played a vital role in the Modernist literary movement and the movement to revitalize African American culture in the early 20th century. Hughes’s poems reflect his personal struggle and the collective struggle of African Americans during this cultural revival. Langston Hughes’s life contained key influences on his work. As a child, Hughes witnessed a divorceRead MoreLet America be America again analysis856 Words   |  4 Pages Let America be America Again Analysis In Langston Hughes poem â€Å"Let America be America Again† he talks about how America should return to the way that it was perceived to be in the dreams before America was truly America. Throughout the poem he uses various methods to evoke the patriotic images and dreams that he feels America should and will eventually be. Hughes states that America is supposed to be a place of equality for everyone including both white and colored people. During this periodRead MoreLiterary Analysis Of Langston Hughes961 Words   |  4 PagesComing Quick (A Literary Analysis of Langston Hughes’ Poems) The nineteenth and twentieth centuries were impressive times for the growing of several different cultures. One of the main cultures that grew through those time periods was that of the black community. Those with darker skin color were pushed to their limits and they were still able to persevere. One writer in particular truly made a influence not only on his culture but on the rest of America, too. Langston Hughes was an astonishing influenceRead MoreLiterary Analysis Of The Ideology And Reality Of Equality987 Words   |  4 PagesLiterary Analysis of the Ideology and reality of equality in the works of Langston Hughes Langston Hughes was an African American writer and poet. Langston Hughes wrote about what it was like living as a Negro, as a black man, as any person of color in America. He wanted to portray the dignity, soulfulness, and resilience of his people. In his writings, he tends to believe that people aren’t wholly good and they are not wholly evil or bad either. He writes with such a conviction and an almostRead MoreAnalysis Of Langston Hughes s Poem I, Too978 Words   |  4 Pages Langston Hughes America, the ideals of freedom, equality, and opportunity traditionally held to be available to every American. This is what everyone was told, what the Declaration of Independence states. But, Langston Hughes a black American poet in the Harlem Renaissance period saw the truth. Being an African American in the United States during the early 1900’s was difficult. Many lived a life full of hardships; segregation, prejudice and economic hardships, viewed as second-class citizensRead MoreRhetorical Analysis Of Langston Hughes s The American Dream 3454 Words   |  14 Pages‘America’ is a complex, layered idea; one that becomes all the more complex when the deeply embedded construct of race comes into play. As a black man born into a time of overt racial prejudice, Langston Hughes was all too familiar with the double consciousness that came with life as an American minority. This roller coaster is the subject of the vast majority of his literary work and has conti nued to be a major presence and inspiration for literary work everywhere today. Hughes shows a deep loyaltyRead MoreRhetorical Analysis Of Langston Hughes s The American Dream 3454 Words   |  14 Pages‘America’ is a complex, layered idea; one that becomes all the more complex when the deeply embedded construct of race comes into play. As a black man born into a time of overt racial prejudice, Langston Hughes was all too familiar with the double consciousness that came with life as an American minority. This roller coaster is the subject of the vast majority of his literary work and has continued to be a major presence and inspiration for literary work everywhere today. Hughes shows a deep loyaltyRead MoreComparative Analysis Of African Americ Annotated Bibliography878 Words   |  4 PagesComparative Analysis of African American: An Annotated Bibliography Angelou, Maya. â€Å"Africa†. The Norton Introduction to Literature 11th ed. New York: 2013 print Norton Mays, Kelly Wheatley, Phillis. â€Å"On Being Brought from Africa to America† The Norton Introduction to Literature. 11th ed. Ed. Spencer Richardson-Jones. New York: Norton, 2013 The main point of this poem is Maya Angelou talking about her homeland, Africa. The narrator starts to describe the land of Africa by using Angelou’s bodyRead MoreChildrens Literature13219 Words   |  53 Pagesand John Locke: Late 1600s 8 3. Beginning of Children’s Literature: Late 1700s 10 4. Fairy and Folk Tales 12 The Golden Age of Children’s Literature: Late 1800s 12 5. Victorian Childrens Literature 16 6. Contemporary Childrens Literature 18 6. Analysis of Harry Potters’ series 21 7. Conclusion 30 8. Summary 31 Children’s Literature Definitions 31 The Ancient World [ancient Rome; 50 BCE to 500 CE] 31 The Middle Ages [500 to 1500 CE] 31 The European Renaissance [1500-1650 CE] 32 The 17th Century

Oops, She Did It Again Free Essays

Over the past decade, Britney Spears has gone downhill little by little from becoming famous after being on Disney channel. While doing a case study on Britney Spears, I learned the music industry stole away her innocence and molded it into an attempt to transition from a pop princess to a sexy adult performer that would sweep millions. Her overexposure and paparazzi frenzy causes her to go insane because she has no privacy. We will write a custom essay sample on Oops, She Did It Again or any similar topic only for you Order Now Additionally, there is proof that Britney has had many psychotic breakdowns. Maybe the reason for her actions in the past has to do with the fact her children being taken away from her custody and her career going slowly down the drain. Also, she has been in a constant battle with drugs, alcohol, her ex-husband Kevin Federline, and the paparazzi. Secondly, some of the people she hangs with are bad influences from the get-go including famous Paris Hilton. Furthermore, in November 2006 after being friends with Paris, Britney was caught three times wearing no underwear on and exposing herself to the paparazzi (Cowboy).Afterwards, Britney made even poorer choices as her life began to fall to pieces even further which made her a bundle of fans. For example, after reading an article about Britney going downhill, a blogger wrote, â€Å"wow I used to actually like you until you became a whore and a crack head and then when you have your first chance you get your kids back you don’t even show up for your court hearings you’re a horrible mother† (N eyna). Many bloggers that used to be fans of Britney agree to this blog. Life is like a coin. You can spend it anyway you wish, but you can only spend it once.At a young age, Britney Spears pursued to have the life of fame and fortune. In 1993, thirteen year-old Britney became a cast member in The Mickey Mouse Club on Disney Channel where she meets future celebrities such as Justin Timberlake, Christina Aguilera, Ryan Gosling, and Tony Lucca. First, in October of 1998, seventeen year-old pop star Britney dresses provocative with her first major song â€Å"Baby, One More Time† (Lawson). After becoming popular nationwide, her music career boosted up while performing jaw-dropping concerts for the Super bowl, MTV, and VMA music awards.In one of the VMA’s, fans were disgusted when Britney kissed Madonna. Only wearing a bra and a mini-skirt, the music industry wanted her to be sexier as her fashion in clothing became unsuitable every time she recorded for a new music video. In the year of 2004, Britney married her back-up dancer Kevin Federline. Shortly afterwards, the newlyweds had their own reality show called Britney and Kevin: Chaotic. According to an interview with MSNBC, Britney claims her marriage was an act of rebellion saying, â€Å"I was on the road for awhile and again I was doing a lot of what I was told instead of what I wanted to really do.And I didn’t know how to break out of that. So in my young mind I’m like, I’m gonna just get married to someone of my home friends. You know what I mean? It was just like something. But I have no regrets with anything I’ve ever done† (Spears). Two years after marriage, Britney files for a divorce with Kevin because he was caught partying with other girls. Assuming she was depressed over the divorce and annoyed by the paparazzi, Britney gains weight, surprisingly shaves her head, then checks into a rehab center.Britney’s cry for help caught the media’s attention so they kept following her after she left the Promises rehab center. After the rehab incident, hairless Britney attacked a paparazzi car with an umbrella realizing it was taking pictures of her talking to ex-husband Kevin about taking the kids into custody. In addition, â€Å"on July 18 2007, Britney goes to the beach with her assistant, takes off her dress and jumps in the ocean with just her bra and underwear on† (Cowboy). Psychologically, Britney looked like she lacked confidence when she was asked to perform for the 2007 VMA with only wearing a glittery bra and under wear. Remembering what happened that night, Britney danced sluggishly and acted as if she has never danced on stage before. Personally, Britney lost respect from a lot of fans after watching her comeback performance at the VMA. In October of 2007, Britney’s ex-husband gained full custody over her two sons (Lawson). A few months later, Spears is rushed to the hospital after becoming intoxicated and refusing to give up custody of her children. After this incident, Britney’s parents were concerned about her life going downhill little by little.When it comes to fashion, the pop star has certainly come a long way since her sexy â€Å"Slave for You† days but not essentially in the right direction. Recently at the 2010 Grammy’s, she wore a short black see-through dress which was not appropriate for the event. The paparazzi catch her wearing scant clothing regularly. In October 2010, Britney Spears made a remarkable comeback through the comedy show Glee. Many fans loved the hilarious, fall out of your seat episode that was dedicated to Britney Spears.Her glowing smile and toned body on the show illustrates how she looks happy and healthier than ever. In conclusion, Britney Spears has changed dramatically over the years after being a Disney channel star. Once having millions of fans, she had a sudden change to an attitude that was not how her innocent self normally acted. In observation, time leading up to her rehab incident had been very traumatic on the pop sensation. Her marriage had ended shortly, she quickly had two children, and she is constantly hounded by the paparazzi.The past few months, as well as the years of being in the spotlight, had pushed Britney over the edge to an emotional breakdown.Works Cited Cowboy. The Devolution of Britney Spears: From Pop Star to Celebrity Trash in Less than 7 Years. N. p. , 27 Sept. 2007. Web. 10 Oct. 2010. Lawson, Richard. â€Å"1. † Britney Spears, a life. N. p. , 4 Jan. 2008. Web. 10 Oct. 2010. Neyna. Weblog comment. The Devolution of Britney Spears. Cowboy, 9 Feb. 2008. Web. 10 Oct. 2010. Spears, Britney. Interview by Matt Lauer. A Defiant Britney Spears Takes on the tabloids . Matt Lauer, 6 June 2006. Web. 10 Oct. 2010. How to cite Oops, She Did It Again, Papers

Discuss about the John Saunders-Free-Samples-Myassignementhelp.com

Question: Write a Case analysis of Re : Saunders Answer: Procedural history This case had been brought before the Supreme Court of Northern territory by the applicant against the decision of the Law Society to not grant him right to practice as a local lawyer in the Supreme Court. The student had been prosecuted before the Court of Summary Jurisdiction in relation to the offence of not disclosing his income to Centrelink which would have reduced the amount of money which was to be received by him. The application has been made by the applicant to the Supreme Court with respect to the provisions of the Legal Profession Act to be admitted as a local lawyer. Upon the consideration of the application under the provisions of Section 32 the admission board referred the matter to be resolved before the court in relation to whether the applicant is a fit proper person who can be admitted [at 1]. Facts The applicant was a student of Charles Darwin University and had been receiving benefits under Austudy from Centralink which were provided to him due to his course of study at the University. During the period of study the applicant had worked as a casual employee and had not disclosed his income arising out of the job to Centrelink. Therefore the applicant was provided with more money than what he was actually entitled to receive. Full-time employment had been commenced by the applicant after the completion of his study period. The applicant was aware of the fact that he has incurred a debt of $9,236 to Centrelink as he had received money which he was not entitled to receive. The amount was paid in full by the applicant subsequently. It has been claimed by the applicant that he did not know that a failure to make a proper disclosure of income would constitute a criminal offence. It was further provided by the applicant that he made several attempts to disclose the income to Centrelink however due to the failure on the part of Centrelink to provide him with relevant forms on various occasions he was not able to disclose the income. He had approached the relevant officer and informed him that he has initiated employment and also made a request to him in relation to providing him with the relevant forms to make appropriate disclosure. He had been further advice by the officer to complete the disclosure through the website of Centrelink which he was unable to do. On the other hand the Law Society of National Territory had opposed the application of the applicant for the admission on three specific grounds. Firstly, the applicant have been found to have committed an offence of dishonesty and such offence has been committed recently which signifies that the applicant should not be considered as a proper and fit person for the purpose of admission. Secondly, it had been provided by the Law Society that misleading accounts of facts along with the circumstances which surrounded the commission of the offence had been provided by the applicant to the court of summary jurisdiction in order to obtain a lesser penalty. This action on the part of the applicant clearly signifies a lack of candour which is although not considered in relation to this application, but demonstrates that the applicant is not a fit and proper person in relation to the admission. Thirdly, an affidavit had been sworn by the applicant in relation to stating that he has provided full disclosures in relation to the circumstances in which the offence had been committed to the admission board. A further affidavit had also been sworn by the applicant which promised to provide additional disclosures in relation to the circumstances in which the offence had been committed. However in relation to both the affidavit the applicant had failed to give a candid account in relation to the circumstances in which the offence had been carried out and therefore the applicant should not be regarded as a fit and proper person for admission at this time [at 2]. Issue The issue before the court in this case was to determine whether the applicant was a fit and proper person presently to be provided with an admission as a local lawyer to the Supreme Court under the provisions of the Legal Profession Act [at 5]. Reasons for the decision by the court In relation to the issue the court had an obligation to ensure that the protection of public from any person who is not suitable for an admission is carried out as far as possible. According to the provisions of s. 25 of the Act an applicant is only entitled to be successful for admission in case where the court is satisfied that the eligibility requirements have been met by the person for admission and the court is also content in relation to the fact that the person is a fit and proper person for admission to the legal profession. Although that term 'fit and proper person' has not been expressly defined by the legislation, reference has been made in s. 11 with respect to the sustainability matters according to which the court has to take into consideration whether the person presently is of good fame and character and whether he has been found guilty of an offence in Australia. In case where a conviction has been identified by the court, it has to take into account the time which has elapsed after the conviction and the nature of the offence along with the age of the applicant while committing the offence. In this case it had been disclosed by the applicant that he has been found guilty on 5 occasions for engaging in a act of obtaining financial advantage where he had the knowledge that he was not eligible to receive such advantage against the provisions of criminal Code section 135(2)(1). It was also provided by the applicant that he had been convicted on each of the 5 occasions by the court of summary jurisdiction and have been imposed with a bond of $2,000 to behave in an ethical manner for a 12 months period. In the present proceedings the applicant had relied on information which has been provided through the affidavit and the disclosure statement. It has been confirmed by the applicant in the affidavit that he had received a financial advantage which he was not entitled to receive even after having knowledge about such facts. He also provided that he was aware of the fact that he had to complete the disclosure forms so that correct entitlement of income is provided to him. It was further claimed by the applicant that he had no idea that he had been involved in a criminal matter. However this submission made by the applicant was rejected by the court based on the following reasoning. It had been claimed by the applicant that he knew that his actions was criminal in nature only in an abstract sense[at 19]. He had further believed that a criminal act would not take place if he repaid the money owed by him. The applicant had also admitted that he had knowledge of the wording on the form tha t a failure to make disclosure results in a criminal offence. The court took into consideration the fact that the applicant was in his mid twenties and was an intelligent person who had been associated with the social security system over a 6 year period. He had also made an acknowledgement that he was fully aware about his obligations to make that disclosure. Several letters have been provided to the applicant during this time which reminded him about his obligations. There was also an acknowledgement made by him that he knew in an abstract sense that the failure to make disclosure was a criminal offence. The judge in this case found that at all times the applicant was aware of the fact that not making a disclosure accounts to a criminal offence and the submissions which have been made by him subsequently are nearly fanciful and show that he has made an effort to reduce his culpability. This further signifies that when the evidence was provided in this proceeding the applicant fail ed to take full responsibility of the criminal conduct which had been undertaken by him. The true state of mind of the applicant was not acknowledged by him while making the application for the admission as a local lawyer which existed when the offence was committed. Therefore the judge found a strong reason to state that the person is presently not a fit and proper person who could be admitted as a local lawyer. In addition it was held by the judge that the claim made by the applicant that he did not reveal his income due to the failure on the part of the officers of Centrelink is not acceptable. This is because the applicant had been in a situation where he needed money and deliberately took a decision of not making the disclosure for the purpose of obtaining the additional funds. This decision on the part of the applicant was a conscious decision which had been taken to mislead Centrelink by not filing the required documents and obtaining the payment in which he thought he could repay when he was financially stable. It was a duty on the part of the applicant with respect to showing complete candour and making comprehensive disclosure. It was found by the court that no effort has been made by the applicant to ensure that the false impression provided by him were corrected In relation to the conviction it was held by the court that there is no dispute that an offence has been made by the applicant [at 39]. There was a deliberate delay on the part of the applicant to make an application in relation to the admission after he had been convicted by the court of summary jurisdiction. He had made the application 15 months after the date on which he had been convicted by the court. This signifies the shrewd nature of the applicant. The fact that the offence committed by the applicant was of a serious nature according to which he should not be provided admission was not disputed before the court. However the court had to consider that whether the applicant is a fit and proper person at the present time. Upon the examination of the other evidence in relation to the case the court was not able to come to a conclusion that the applicant can be regarded as a fit and proper person at the present time and therefore his application had been dismissed by the court. Opinion In my opinion I would suggest that a person should not be prevented from practicing just for the reason that he has committed and academic misconduct. Every person makes some kind of mistakes in life and they should be provided with a reasonable opportunity to rectify the mistake. However I am not having an opinion that a person who has failed to rectify his mistake in relation to an academic misconduct should be allowed to practice. If it is identified by the court that the person has not been able to rectify his mistake or have learnt from his past conduct he should not be provided a right to admission because he cannot be considered as a fit and proper person in such circumstances which is not at all in favour of public interest. I feel that the court had made an in-depth analysis of the facts and the provision surrounding it in relation to this case and come to an appropriate decision. This is because the court even after taking into consideration that there was no dispute that t he applicant had made a serious offence examined whether the person is presently fit and proper for the purpose of being provided an admission. However as it was identified by the court that the person was still involved in manipulating submissions in order to minimise his culpability he cannot be regarded as a proper and fit person and should not be provided admission.

Project Management the Managerial Process

Project management is an important part of strategic management and a crucial part of nation building, business processes as well as non-profit work that requires utmost care from planning to delivery date. Project management is essential in getting things done.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Project Management: the Managerial Process specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Without the systematic approach of project management the accomplishment of goals may deemed too costly and impossible to complete. Project management does not only deal with setting objectives but also the clarification of what is the expected outcome and if how can it be delivered on time. Project management may evolve through time, the techniques may change but there is one thing that would remain and it is the presence of the project manager. The following outlines the key roles and responsibilities of the project manager as well as the key task s and functions that are required within the life-cycle of a project. The Project Manager Before going any further it is important to clarify the meaning of a project. This can be achieved by defining what a project is not and understand that it is not a typical workload or job that has to be performed or accomplished (Gray Larson, 2008). It has to be pointed out that a project must not be confused by work that is done on a daily basis or processes that falls into the familiarity of a routine. For instance in a factory job a system can be implemented and a supervisor simply observes if the system is working or not. A project is a process that is expected to be done once – from defining phase to handover. Leadership A project manager is not just a fancy title given to the person who is expected to manage a team. There are expected behavior qualities for a project manager. One of which is a certain level of leadership capability. In simple terms a project manager should be a g ood leader when it comes to communicating the desired outcome of the project (Lock, 2007). He or she must be a good leader in the sense that there is the capability to motivate the team members. Management Skills A project manager is different from a coach because the job requirements go beyond the capability to motivate and guide the team. The project manager must possess management skills.Advertising Looking for essay on project management? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This must become evident during the planning phase where the project manager must understand the meaning of time and budget constraints and then make the necessary plans and strategies that can deal with expected problems. On the other hand their management skills must also come into the fore when there is a need to make adjustments, especially when unforeseen problems crop up. Accountability The project manager is accountable to the financiers or to the pe ople that have invested in a particular project. They must have the ability to make the necessary reports needed to inform them as to the progress of the project and if the team are still within the budget and more importantly if they can deliver on time. Furthermore, the accountability aspect of the project manager’s job is seen at the end of the life cycle of the project when resources had to be redeployed. Life Cycle of Project There are different types of projects that can be tackled using project management principles. As a result the typical phases that can be found in project management can be modified to suit different types of needs. The most common projects that are easy to understand and familiar to those in the corporate and business world are those that are related to Information Technology. The creation of management information systems and other IT infrastructures is a familiar undertaking to many people because even small businesses and small organizations are taking steps to ensure that they become a part of globally interconnected world and to be kept abreast of developments in the digital age. Thus, it is a helpful way to fully understand the concepts pertaining to project management by having an overview of the life cycle of a project in the world of Information Technology. In this regard it is interesting to point out that the modified version includes the following steps: 1) analysis; 2) design; 3) coding; 4; test; 5; installation; and 6) maintenance (Cleland Ireland, 2007). What this does is to demonstrate that project managers should never be boxed-in into a formula when it comes to preparing and executing a project. The steps in the project can be easily modified to fit the unique requirements of the problem at hand. In the case of Information Technology the process flow requires analysis of computer hardware, software, programming languages as well as coding. However, for simplicity’s sake it is imperative that project managers must fully understand that at the core of project management lies four basic phases: 1) Defining the Project; 2) Planning; 3) Execution; and 4) Delivery.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Project Management: the Managerial Process specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Defining the Project The defining stage is important because this is the time when the project manager must determine what the project is all about. It is during this time when the project manager is informed of the specifications of a particular project as well project objectives. This is basically the time to have an overview of the project and determine if it is even feasible to take on the challenge of accomplishing what was set in the objectives. This is also the stage wherein the project manager has to form teams. This can be an elaborate process for projects that are unique and never been done before. But for project managers that are fami liar with the basic parameters of related and recurring projects that team members are all known beforehand because he or she had worked with them in previous projects. Thus, their capabilities and temperaments are known. In this way the project manager can easily see if these people can work together and if they possess the necessary skills needed to accomplish the task at hand. But for special projects with objectives and parameters never before seen and documented, the task of choosing team members may prove tricky. This is the crucial part of the cycle because choosing the wrong people to work for a certain team and project can easily derail the work and instead of accomplishing the project on time this would result in delays, added expenses and worst of all it can force the financiers to pull the plug and ask the project manager to stop all related work. Planning Once the team members are identified and their roles properly assigned the project reaches a new level. There is inc reased activity when it comes to pushing the project forward. In this stage the key players are focused in determining the scope of the project and the detailed plan on how to accomplish what they have set out to do. It is also at this stage when the various constraints are identified (Shelly et al., 2010). The most obvious constraints would be time and money but aside from these things there are issues that have to be dealt with such as policies, regulations, restrictions, permits, etc. It is also at this stage wherein the project manager has to identify the various stakeholders of the project. These are the people that would be benefit and those that would be negatively affected by the project – directly and indirectly.Advertising Looking for essay on project management? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This is also a critical phase of the project’s lifecycle because there are so many factors that can shutdown a project especially when the government is involved and other legal entities are affected and yet have the power to put up hurdles and other problems delaying the progress or making it impossible to continue. Execution If this is a plot of the story then this stage is the climax. This is the apex of the activity and highest point in the life cycle of the project. Majority of the resources set aside for the project are expended at this point. If this is a bridge-building project then the equipment necessary to build the structure must be moved towards the exact spot where the project manager intends to build. At the same time the logistical requirements needed to move the materials needed must be take cared of beforehand. Finally, the structure must be built on a step-by-step process as designed in the planning phase. While the work is going on full-blast the project m anager keeps an eye on the other details of the project while at the same time maintaining a bird’s eye-view of all the components required to make a project running smoothly and efficiently. At this stage the project manager must be constantly aware of budget and time constraints. It is imperative to know if the project can be sustained until delivery date and if there is enough time to do the necessary work. This is also the stage wherein the project manager has to make adjustments if needed (Westland, 2006). The planning stage can only predict the outcome of the work flow to a certain extent and that project managers can never anticipate future problems all the time. For instance, workers can get sick or the estimated number of workers was wrong and there is a need to hire more men. These are the kind of adjustments that a project manager must competently handle. Delivery All the work done in the previous stages would amount to nothing if the project manager and his team f ail to deliver. If this is a road project for a particular town or community then it must be handed over to the authorities. If this is a management information system that was created by a third-party then it must be handed over to the corporate leaders and they in turn would hand it over to their IT personnel. In most cases the project does not end with the delivery of a product or a finished structure, the people who are going to use it must be trained to adequately handle these products or infrastructure. Thus, in some cases there is a need to train key people that can help maintain the system that is the byproduct of the project. At the same time these processes requires a great deal of paperwork as well as other legal matters that has to be attended to. Finally, the project manager and his team are also responsible for redeploying resources. In many cases the resources used for a particular project are not consumable, specifically heavy equipment that are rented or bought had to be moved to another location or redeployed for the sake of cost-efficiency purposes. Conclusion In the modern world were cost-efficiency and labor challenges characterizes the problems of industries it is of great importance to fully understand the meaning of project management. It is a way to accomplish complicated tasks with budget and time constraints. As a result it is a useful tool to accomplish things that are important with the assurance that financiers, businessmen, leaders and various stakeholders will have a firm grasp of what is going on every step of the way and be always informed of the likelihood of the projects success or failure. At the end of the day project management principles is a set of principles and systematic thinking that makes the seemingly impossible goal to be a reality. But this is easier said than done. Nevertheless, those who are sponsoring a project or financing a project can increase the chances of success if they know how to choose the correct p erson who would take on the role of project manager. References Cleland, D. R. Ireland. (2007). Project Management: Strategic Design and  Implementation. New York: McGraw-Hill. Gray, C. E. Larson. (2008). Project Management: The Managerial Process. New York: McGraw-Hill. Lock, D. (2007). Project Management. VT: Gower Publishing. Shelly, G. et al. (2010). Systems Analysis and Design. MA: Cengage Learning. Westland, J. (2006). The Project Management Life Cycle: A Complete Step-by-Step  Methodology for Planning, Executing and Closing the Project Successfully. PA: Kogan Page. This essay on Project Management: the Managerial Process was written and submitted by user Salvador Y. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Definite and Indefinite Articles (The, A and An)

Definite and Indefinite Articles (The, A and An) Definite and Indefinite Articles (The, A and An) If English isn’t your first language, knowing when to use an article before a noun can be confusing. It can also be tricky to know which article to use. To help explain, in this post we’re looking at the definite (i.e., â€Å"the†) and indefinite (i.e., â€Å"a† and â€Å"an†) articles. The Definite Article (The) As the name â€Å"definite† suggests, we use the definite article (â€Å"the†) when referring to a particular person or object. This could be because: There is only one of something (e.g., â€Å"the President of the U.S.A.†) We’re using a superlative (e.g., â€Å"the cutest puppy†) â€Å"The† is also useful when referring to something the reader or listener is already familiar with. This might be because we’ve already mentioned or implied what it is: I read a book last week, but the story wasnt great. In this example, we use â€Å"the† in the second part of the sentence because it clearly refers back to the book mentioned in the first part. Many books. But which one is the book?(Photo: BookBabe) Similarly, we can use â€Å"the† when the context makes it clear what we’re discussing. For instance, if we say we’re â€Å"going to the gym,† this obviously implies a specific gym (i.e., the local one), not just any of the many gyms that might be available. We also use â€Å"the† when referring abstractly to every example of something with a singular noun. For instance, while we could use the plural â€Å"cats† in the sentence: Cats are furry animals. We could also say the same thing using the singular noun â€Å"cat† if we add â€Å"the† in front: The cat is a furry animal. In this case, â€Å"the cat† refers to the species â€Å"cat† in general, not to a specific cat. Cats: delightfully furry.(Photo: Patrizia08) Indefinite Articles (A and An) Also aptly named, indefinite articles are used for referring to something when it is one of many possible examples or one of a generic type. In the example above, for instance, saying that we read â€Å"a book† shows that it was one of many possible books we could have read. Likewise, if we were to say we needed â€Å"a plumber,† we’d be asking for any plumber who is available, not one specific plumber. Or toilet magician, as we like to call them.(Photo: Wonderlane/flickr) Whether to use â€Å"a† or â€Å"an,† meanwhile, depends on the sound at the beginning of the next word: If it starts with a consonant sound, use â€Å"a† (e.g., â€Å"a puppy†). If it begins with a vowel sound, you should use â€Å"an† (e.g., â€Å"an egg†). This isn’t always a matter of spelling, since some words that start with a consonant begin with a vowel sound (e.g., â€Å"an hour†), and some words that start with a vowel actually begin with a consonant sound (e.g., â€Å"a universal truth†). No Article Required Finally, keep in mind that some nouns don’t require an article in some situations. This is known as the â€Å"zero article.† Common examples include: Mass nouns and plural nouns used abstractly (e.g., â€Å"Wine is delicious†) Most proper nouns (e.g., â€Å"David is writing a blogpost†) Some forms of transport or delivery (e.g., â€Å"It was sent by mail†) Most countries and languages (e.g., â€Å"I went to China†) The zero article can be confusing, since it depends on how a word is used. For instance, while we might say we saw something â€Å"on television† (no article) when referring to television as a medium, we’d say â€Å"turn on the television† if referring to the TV set in our living room. Whats on the television?Looks like a typewriter.(Photo: The Photographer/wikimedia) Likewise, place names can be tricky, since some require â€Å"the† (e.g., â€Å"the University of Chicago†) and others don’t (e.g., â€Å"Colombia University†). Ultimately, knowing when articles are required is a matter of practice. The important thing is, therefore, to check when you’re not sure (getting your work proofread is also a good idea).

How to Sign Up for the ACT Tricks and Tips

How to Sign Up for the ACT Tricks and Tips SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Registering for the ACT seems like a pretty straightforward part of the testing process. But the signup process is much more convoluted than you think, and some things matter a lot more than others. You also want to make sure to avoid important mistakes that can be costly. In this article, we’ll discuss step-by-step how to sign up for the ACT. In the half-hour long process, we’ll discuss which sections matter a lot, and which ones not at all. Finally, we’ll share helpful tips to choose the best location and save money. How to Register for the ACT Step 1: The first step is to log into your ACT account here.If you don't have an ACT account, you'll be asked to create one.Next, click on Register on the left. Step 2: The first section, â€Å"Your Personal Profile,† has only one important page. The rest is just information the ACT is collecting for research purposes and has zero impact on your score or college admissions. The important page is the first one: â€Å"Your Information.† Make sure all of this information is accurate because this is what they’re using to track your tests. Step 3: Every other page in this section is irrelevant to your ACT score. The ACT is collecting this information from you for two purposes: 1) to conduct research about how different types of students perform on the ACT, 2) to give your information to colleges who can then send you spam mail based on your interests.Colleges will NOT be using this information as part of their admissions decisions – they’ll instead be reading your application. If you’re not sure yet which colleges you might want to apply to and want schools to contact you, then take the time to fill this out accurately. Otherwise, feel free to breeze through it and submit blank answers. This page and the following pages in this section aren't important. Step 4:The next major section is â€Å"Your Interest Inventory.† Much like the previous section, this is purely optional. The ACT uses this to try to recommend career choices for you, but few students really see this as helpful. Step 5: Next, we move to â€Å"Your Test Selection.† This is where your choices really start to matter.First, you have to agree to Terms and Conditions. These basically forbid you from cheating and sharing the questions and answers with others.Next, choose your test date and any other options you want. Step 6: The next page goes over the requirements of the photo of yourself you must upload in order to complete your registration.This photo will be used on test day for identification purposes. On this page are all the requirements the photo must meet, such as being a picture of only you, showing your full face, and having a plain background. You won't be uploading the photo just yet; instead you'll do that after you finish the registration process. You have to upload your photo by the photo deadline (eight days before your test date) or your registration will be canceled. Step 7:Next, the ACT asks for the high school courses you’ve taken, and then it asks you to enter grades for each course. The ACT says they’ll send your colleges the GPA with your score report. Note that most colleges don’t actually take this as your record – they’d much rather use your transcript directly. But you might as well take the time to take this seriously, lest the college wonders why your ACT reported GPA differs so much from your transcript. Step 8: Next, you’ll have a chance to add Score Report choices. At this point, you get the ability to send four free score reports to colleges of your choice. This is a $48 value for free! If you know which schools you’re applying to, I recommend that you fill this out as it can be a major cost savings (read here for more about why). If you’re worried that your college will see an unfavorable score, realize that they actually don’t really care how many times you took the test – they just care about your highest score. Step 9: Next, you’ll have the ability to fill out Future Plans (this isn’t important and is just given to colleges to try to match your interests). Step 10:Finally, you get to choose your Test Center. At this point, I heavily recommend that you search by ZIP code. This will show you the test centers closest to you, and the best location to take your test might not be your high school. If you search by ZIP code, you get to see all the available test centers near you. If you're registering right now, I recommend you read our guide to the best ACT test locations. This will help you make sure you're maximizing your chance at a great score. Don't forget to upload your registration photo when you're done, and that’s the whole process! Now you know which parts really matter and which don’t. Tips for Signing Up for the ACT Now that you know how to sign up for ACT tests, here are some important tips: Choose the best location. This isn’t an automatic decision – many students take it at their high school, but this might not be the best location! Read this guide for more. Register early, well before the deadline. Put a note on your calendar to register at least six weeks before your test date. If you don’t do this in time, you’ll be subject to fees, or worse, you won’t be able to take your exam at all. Apply for a fee waiver if you qualify. Read here for more details. What's Next? Now that you know how to register, you should know WHEN to register. Read our guide to the best ACT test dates. How high of an ACT score do you need? What's a good ACT score? Click here to find out. Want to improve by 4 points or more on the ACT? Get our free must-read guide to the top tips you need to use to improve your ACT score:

Health Care Management HA330 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Health Care Management HA330 - Essay Example Lastly, it discusses the skills needed for leaders in health organizations. In the words of Eric and Steven, Strategy is defined not as an event but as the roots of the structure of an organization (Steven G. Hillestad, 2004). In health organization, strategies which are relevant to the changing work environment are adopted. There are various strategies to choose from. These could be: In the 21st century the future of health organizations is totally dependent on how well they adapt to current changing environment. Because of the rapid growth in population the best approach to strategize health organizations is by improving their internal capabilities and personal performance. A health organization is a service based organization therefore its main strength lies in the quality of its service. The better services they offer the better reputation they command. For this it is important to improve on internal capabilities and performance levels. They should focus on the health organization’s hygiene. Providing the patients with perfect hygiene is very important. The news about infections generated due to unhygienic hospitals has always made it to headlines. Technology has taken over most health organizations today. Thus, it is highly recommended that health organizations are abreast with the latest technology . They are updated with the latest data and the latest equipments for treatment are in place. Technological procedures like MRI, CT scans and other surgeries are expensive. However these procedures should be incorporated as they produce efficient results. Survival today is not only what people look for but the quality of life they are offered along with the opportunity cost (Patrick, 1993). Along with the introduction of technology performance maintenance criteria needs to be practiced. The staff needs to get training sessions to get familiar with the machines before experiencing it on humans. Number of studies carried out in Canada

( pain Management) letter to my subject examiner Essay

( pain Management) letter to my subject examiner - Essay Example Pharmacologic Pain Interventions often alleviate pain symptoms by reviewing the prescription. However, this part of treatment is temporary and is concerned with reducing the pain rather than curing it to the core in the long run. Moreover, there are some major constraints in Pharmacologic Pain Intervention that include inadequate knowledge of nurses, little support from doctors and patient’s approval. In our last meeting, we had a thorough discussion on the topic that really helped me in gaining clear insights of the subject. Your insights offered a clear understanding along with making me think at a different and broad level. I personally believe that Pharmacologic Pain Interventions is a serious issue in the pain management, both acute and chronic. It requires specific knowledge and understanding along with a sense of ethics. There is no doubt that your guidance helped me in gaining multiple perspectives of the subject matter and with your due permission, I would like to explore the knowledge and understanding of nurses on Pharmacologic Pain Interventions especially in Saudi Arabia. Few research papers have already been written pertaining to this issue and with this analysis, it would further help in understanding the core intricacies of pain management in an analytical and critical manner. Therefore, I need your permission to go ahead with the above mentioned thought. Lack of adequate knowledge is the biggest worry in Pharmacologic Pain Interventions as nurses often try to alleviate pain but with limited knowledge fail to do so in the long run (Kaki, Daghistani (2007). I personally believe that this assignment has a lot more to offer and underpin and with inadequate knowledge and training actins as serious threats, the concept of Pharmacologic Pain Interventions can be explored in a critical manner. All these points are based on the

Surrogacy Legalisation in Australia Essay Example for Free

Surrogacy Legalisation in Australia Essay Women usually become a surrogate mother because they receive compensation in one form or another from doing it; others do it because a family member cannot produce a baby of their own. Homosexual couples tend to use surrogacy as an option to have a child of their own, as compared to adopting a child. Due to commercial surrogacy being illegal in Australia, it has driven homosexual couples to other countries such as India where the surrogate mothers are not as healthy as the ones in Australia. Commercial surrogacy should be legalised in Australia so people of all sexualities do not revert to other countries where poor women are exploited and help protect the legal status of children there. (Esther Han, December 9, 2012, Sydney Morning Herald) Through surrogacy, couples of either heterosexuals or homosexuals are able to have a family of their own if they cannot produce one for themselves. There are two types of surrogacy; traditional and gestational. A traditional surrogate is a woman who donates her own egg and then carries out the pregnancy. Their egg is donated from their own body with the sperm of the father or the sperm from a donor. A gestational surrogacy is when the surrogate isnt biologically or genetically related to the child that she is carrying. Through the process of in vitro fertilization, the carrier becomes pregnant. This fertilization is where an embryo or several embryos are created from the eggs and sperm of the intended parents are implanted in the uterus for the gestational period of 40 weeks. As in the grounds of nature it takes a man’s sperm and a womans egg to create a baby, it makes it impossible for homosexual people or couples to conceive a baby of their own and therefore surrogacy is an option for them. In gestational surrogacy, there is no direct genetic impact on the baby from the surrogate mother and there is no DNA from the surrogate mother to the baby. This is because the embryotic sack that the baby is in has already got the DNA from its’ mother and father through the in vitro fertilization procedure. However, if the surrogate mother is not getting enough nutrients in her diet or if she were to drink or take drugs, this would affect the health and development of the baby as if it would a traditional surrogacy. Homosexual couples tend to go for surrogacy as opposed to adoption due to the fact that many homosexual couples want a baby that is created from their own DNA (because they cannot create their own with a woman) and not bring up someone else’s child through adoption. Not only because of these reasons do they tend to go for surrogacy, but also because adoption for homosexuals either in a relationship or not and single people has now become prohibited in almost every country in the world. There are a few concerns that do influence the decision on whether a homosexual couple adopt (if they were able to in that particular country) or apply for a gestational surrogate. Some of the concerns that they have with adoption is that some mothers decide to change their minds at the last minute and keep their baby instead of giving it to the adoptive parents. The costs that are involved with adoption and surrogacy are around the same amount of money to pursue; so many homosexual and heterosexual couples tend to go for surrogacy because even with the slight price increase of surrogacy, the couple would have a baby that is created from their own DNA. For the homosexual couple however, the DNA would come from one of the parents (Janna Herron, Bank Rate, 2013). In Australia, the current laws have stated that commercial surrogacy is illegal. However, there is no current law that states in Australia that non-commercial surrogacy also known as altruistic surrogacy is illegal. According to the Surrogacy Act of 2010, any parties can enter into a non-commercial/altruistic surrogacy agreement regardless of their sex and relationship status. The surrogate mother of the intending parents is not allowed to receive money or any compensation from the intending parents, but are allowed to have any medical expenses that are related to the baby be compensated for by the intending parents. For a homosexual couple, finding a willing surrogate mother in Australia who doesn’t want to be compensated more than what the law states is almost impossible to find, and this therefore leads homosexual couples to apply for surrogacy in other countries such as India. Each year, India produces hundreds of babies through commercial gestational surrogacy to intending parents all around the world. A vast amount of these babies from India go to intending homosexual couples of Australia. Just before Christmas last year, India changed their law for surrogacy to now exclude homosexuals, singles and people of all genders that are in a de facto relationship. This new law has been put into place because there are people who access surrogacy, rather than assisting the surrogates and the way in which surrogacy is done (Janna Herron, Bank Rate, 2013). This new law in India has affected homosexual couples especially because they can no longer apply for commercial surrogacy because they no longer fit in with the new criteria. These laws have been passed because of the controversial issues that may occur and the psychological issues that child may receive from having two parents of the same sex raise them. There are many controversial issues with being in a same sex relationship, including that of same sex rights and children. Children are an important aspect of many people’s lives. One of the issues that have arisen is whether a child who is raised from same sex parents will suffer from psychological abnormalities or development issues. Studies have shown from The American Psychiatric Association that there are no development issues or differences between children who have been raised by either homosexual or heterosexual parents. The child’s intelligence, psychological adjustment, popularity with friends, development of social sex role identity or development of sexual orientation has not been negatively affected or influenced due to their parents’ sexual origin as many stereotypes may point out. Another controversial issue that same sex couples face is the nature vs. nurture theory. Some people believe that if a man and a woman cannot produce a baby of their own, then they should therefore not be having children. This same theory applies to homosexual couples. In the eyes of society, if a homosexual couples cannot produce a baby naturally, than they should not be allowed to participate in the surrogacy scheme. This shouldn’t be the case for anyone, homosexual or not (Surrogacy Controversy, 2009) Controversial issues aside, should the legalisation of commercial surrogacy for heterosexuals and homosexuals in Australia occur? The answer is yes. Homosexuals should be allowed to access commercial surrogacy in Australia because we know the environment the women are living in is much more sanitised and cleaner as opposed to the third world countries such as India where intending same sex parents have had to resort to in order to have a baby. The surrogate mothers of Australia should be allowed to be compensated for the physical hardships and mental discomforts that she may endure. Studies have shown that no mental development issues have occurred from children who have same sex parents and there are no negative effects on the children. Everyone has the right to have a child and by legalising commercial surrogacy in Australia, more people will be able to have the families they’ve always wanted instead of having to meet the new criteria of the Indian laws. And sure, two daddies cannot give a child a mothers’ love but they can definitely give them double daddy love and in the end all that matters to a child is that they are loved by their parents; even if that happens to be two mums or two dads (Rosemary Odgers and Margaret Wenham, Courier Mail, February 10,2010). Reference List; †¢ Esther Han, December 9, 2012, Sydney Morning Herald, accessed Thursday 22nd May, 2013) lt; http://www. smh. com. au/national/call-to-reform-surrogacy-laws-20121208-2b264. htmlgt; †¢ Farlex Inc. 013, The Free Dictionary, accessed Friday 10th May, 2013 †¢ Kerry Brewster, 2013, ABC News, accessed Friday 10th May, 2013 †¢ Professor Jenni Millbank, 2013, ABC News, accessed Friday 10th May, 2013 †¢ Janna Herron, Bank Rate, 2013, accessed Friday 17th May, 2013 †¢ Surrogacy Act of Australia, 2010, accessed on Friday 24th May, 2013 †¢ Surrogacy Controversy, April 2009, accessed Sunday 26th May, 2013 †¢ Rosemary Odgers an d Margaret Wenham, Courier Mail, February 10, 2010, accessed Sunday 26th May, 2013

Free Process Essays - How to Prepare Kool-Aid :: Expository Process Essays

How to Prepare Kool-Aid It has been said that Kool-Aid makes the world go 'round. Let it be advised, however, that without the proper tools and directions, the great American beverage is nothing more than an envelope of unsweetened powder. There are five simple steps to create this candy-tasting concoction. Picking the proper packet of flavoring is the first step in making Kool-Aid. Check the grocer's shelf for a wide variety, ranging from Mountain Berry Punch to Tropical Blue Hawaiian. If it is a difficult decision for you, knock yourself out and buy two. The packets usually run under 65 cents. After choosing the flavor that best suits your taste buds, the second step is making sure that your kitchen houses some necessary equipment for making the Kool-Aid. Find a two-quart pitcher. Plastic is nice, but glass pitchers allow the liquid to shine through and add festive coloration to any refrigerator shelf. Next, find a long-handled wooden spoon, a one-cup measuring cup, a water faucet that spouts drinkable water, usable white sugar, and an ice cube tray full of ice. Then, you are ready to mix. Third, grab the left edge of the Kool-Aid packet between your thumb and index finger. With your other hand, begin peeling the upper-left corner until the entire top of the envelope is removed. Next, dump the contents of the envelope into the pitcher. Notice how the powder floats before settling on the bottom of the pitcher. Then, take the measuring cup and scoop two cups of sugar into the pitcher as well. At this point, adding the water is a crucial step. Place the pitcher under the water faucet and slowly turn on the cold water. If the water is turned on too quickly, powder will fly all over when the initial gusts of water hit. After the pitcher is filled within two inches of the top, turn the water off and get prepared to stir. With the wooden spoon submersed three-quarters of the way in the liquid, vigorously stir in a clockwise motion until all of the powder is dissolved.

Applied Heat Past Examination Questions

Applied Heat past Examination Questions 1. An Ammonia refrigerator is to produce 2 tonne of ice per day at -4 °C from water at 20 °C. if the temperature range in the compressor is between 25 °C and -6 °C, Calculate horse power required to derive the compressor. Latent Heat of ice = 80 kcal/kg, and specific heat of ice= 0. 5 2. A compressor draws 42. 5 m3 of air per minute in the cylinder, at a pressure of 1. 05 kg/cm abs. It is compressed Polytropically pV1. 3=C to a pressure 4. 2 kg/cm2 abs, before being delivered to a receiver. Assuming a mechanical efficiency of 80% Calculate: a.Indicated horse power; b. Shaft horse power, and c. Overall isothermal efficiency. 3. A single stage impulse turbine has a speed of 1000rpm and a mean blade ring diameter of 60 cm. The nozzles are inclined at 22 ° to the plane of rotation and the specific enthalpy drop is 190 KJ/kg. Determine: a. The relative velocity of the steam at inlet, and b. The blade inlet angle. 4. An engine consumes fuel of calorific value 44MJ/Kg at a rate of 45tonne/day. It the indicated thermal efficiency is 39% and break thermal efficiency is 33%. Calculate: a. The indicated power, b. The brake power, and . The power lost to friction. 5. The air in a ship’s saloon is maintained at 19 °C and is changed twice every hour from the outside atmosphere which is at 7 °C. The saloon is 27m by 15m by 3m high. Calculate the kilowatt loading to heat this air taking the saloon to be at atmospheric Pressure = 1. 013 bar. R for air =0. 287 KJ/kg K. 6. 0. 23kg of air has an initial pressure of 1. 7 MN/m2 and a temperature of 200 °C. it is expanded to a pressure of 0. 34 MN/m2 according to the law pV 1. 35 = Constant. Determine the work transferred during the expansion. Take R = 0. 29 KJ/kg K. 7.The equivalent evaporation of a boiler from and at 100 °C is 10. 4 kg steam/kg fuel. The calorific value of the fuel is 29800KJ/kg. Determine the efficiency of the boiler. If the boiler produces 15000 kg of steam per hour at 24 bar from feed water of 40 °C and the fuel consumption is 1650 kg/h, determine the condition of the steam produced. 8. A single-cylinder, double acting steam engine is 250mm bore by 300mm stroke and runs at 3. 5rev/s, steam is supplied at 1035 KN/m2 and the back pressure is 34 KN/m2 and the diagram factor is 0. 81. Determine the indicated power of the engine. a. If cut off is at 0. 5 stroke, b. If cut off is at 0. 5 stroke. 9. Air enters a nozzle with a pressure of 700 KN/m2 and with a temperature of 180 °C. Exit pressure is 100 KN/m2. The law connecting pressure and specific volume during the expansion in the nozzle is pV1. 3=Constant. Determine the velocity at exit from the nozzle. Take Cp= 1. 006 KJ/kg K and Cv=0. 717 KJ/kg K. 10. A single row, impulse turbine has a mean blade speed of 215 m/s. Nozzle entry angle is at 30 ° to the plane of rotation of the blades. The steam velocity from the nozzles is 550 m/s. There is 15% loss of relative velocity du e to friction across blades.The absolute velocity at the exit is along the axis of the turbine. The steam flow through the turbine is at the rate of 700 kg/h. Determine: a. The inlet and exit angles of the blades, b. The absolute velocity of the steam at exit, c. The power output of the turbine. 11. The high temperature of a Carnot cycle is 400 °C and the cycle has a thermal efficiency of 55%. The volume ration of the isothermal processes is 2 : 8 : 1. Determine for the cycle: a. The low temperature, b. The volume ration of the adiabatic processes, c. The overall thermal efficiency. Take r = 1. 4 12.A diesel engine has a compression ratio of 14:1 and an efficiency ratio of 0. 7 when referred to the air standard efficiency. The fuel consumption is 5. 65 kg/h. Take r=1. 4 and calorific value of the fuel oil is 44500 KJ/kg. Determine the indicated power developed. 13. The analysis of a fuel oil is 85. 5% carbon, 11. 9% hydrogen, 1. 6% oxygen and 1% impurities. Calculate the percentag e of carbon dioxide in the flue gasses, a. When the quantity of air supplied is the minimum for complete combustion, and b. When the excess air over the minimum is : (i) 25% (ii) 50% iii) 75% 14. In an air compressor the air is compressed to the law pVn=constant. The compressor takes in 105 m3/min of air at 1. 0 bar 27 °C. If the pressure ratio is 5 to 1, calculate; a. The index of compression, b. Power absorbed by the compressor. 15. A single acting opposed piston 6 cylinder two stroke engine have mechanical efficiency of 86% when running at 105 rpm with mean effective pressure of 7. 24 bar, produces brake power of 4326 kW. The mass of the top piston with its connecting parts is 25% greater than that of bottom piston and the combined stroke is 2340 mm.If the stroke of piston varies inversely as the masses of the reciprocating parts. Calculate; (i) The stroke of the top and bottom pistons, (ii) The cylinder diameter. 16. The mass analysis of a fuel is 86% carbon, 11. 5% hydrogen a nd 2. 5% oxygen. If for complete combustion 25% excess air is supplied per kg of fuel burnt, calculate: a. The mass of flue gases, b. Volume of air at 1. 0 bar and 15 °C. Take R for air = 0. 287 kJ/kgh. 17. The diameter of an air compressor cylinder is 140 mm, the stroke is 180 mm, and the clearance volume is 77cm. he pressure in the cylinder at the beginning of the stroke is 1. 0 bar and during delivery is constant at 4. 8 bar. Taking the law of compression as pV1. 25=Constant, calculate; the distance moved by the piston during the delivery period and express this as fraction of the stroke. 18. A turbine plant consists of H. P. and L. P. stages and is supplied with steam at 15 bar 300 °C. The steam is expanded in the H. P. and leaves at 2. 5 bar 0. 97 dry. Some of the steam is bled off to the feed heater and remaining passes to L. P. where it is expanded to 0. 15 bar 0. 84 dry.If the same quantity of work transfer takes place in each unit, calculate the amount of steam bled off expressed as percentage of the steam supplied. 19. 7. 08 liters of air at a pressure 1. 79 bar and temperature of 333 °C is expanded according to the law pV 1. 3 = constant and the final pressure 1. 206 bar, calculate: a. Volume at the end of expansion, b. Work transfer from the air and, c. The temperature at the end of expansion. 20. Steam leaves the nozzle and enters the blade wheel of a single stage impulse turbine at a velocity of 840 m/s and at an angle of 20 ° to the plane of rotation.The blade velocity is 350 m/s and the exit angle of the blade is 25 °12’. Due to friction the steam looses 20% of its rotational velocity across the blades, calculate; a. The blade inlet angle and, b. The magnitude and the direction of absolute velocity of steam at exit. 21. In a Freon-12 refrigerating plant, Freon leaves the condenser with a specific enthalpy of 50kJ/kgK. The pressure in the evaporator is 1. 826 bars and the refrigerant leaves the evaporator at this pressure at a r ate of 0. 4 Kg/s and a temperature of 0 °C. Calculate; a. Dryness fraction of Freon at inlet of the evaporator, b.The refrigerating effect per minute. 22. A glass tube of uniform bore is closed at on end and open at the other. It contains air imprisoned by a column of mercury 42. 7 mm long. When the tube is held vertically with close end at the bottom, the length of the air column is 227. 6mm. Taking 1mm of mercury = 133. 5N/m2 and atmospheric pressure = 101. 5 kN/m2. Calculate the length of the air column if the tube is held vertically with the closed end at the top. 23. A single acting gas engine of bore 190 mm and stroke 380 mm has an indicated power of 13 kW when developing brake power of 9 kW there being 125 explosions per minute.The consumption of gas of calorific value 1. 76 MJ/m3 is 6. 8m3/hour. Calculate the mechanical and indicated thermal efficiencies, and the mean effective pressure. 24. A six cylinder, four stroke, internal combustion engine is required to develop a b rake of 176 kW under the following conditions: Speed 200rev/min, brake m. e. p. 8 bars, stroke/bore ratio 1. 25/1. Break specific fuel consumption 0. 262 Kg/KWh. Calculate:- a. The cylinder dimensions, and b. Fuel consumption kg/h 25. Carbon dioxide leaves a refrigeration condenser with a total heat of 156kJ/kg.After throttling it passes through the evaporator from and it leaves with a dryness fraction of 0. 98. At the evaporator pressure the liquid heat is 12kJ/kg and the latent heat is 280kJ/kg. If 13. 8 kg of refrigerant circulates per minute, calculate:- a. The dryness fraction at the inlet to the evaporator, and b. The heat absorbed in the evaporator in 24 hours. 26. Steam is generated from feed water at a temperature of 93. 3 ° C as follows: In plant A the steam generated is 17. 25 bar dry saturated. In plant B the steam generated is 17. 25 bar 0. 9 dry and, In Plant C the steam generated is 17. 5 bar 82 °C super heat. Calculate the percentage change in the consumption usi ng plant A as the base. 27. A hydrocarbon fuel cell is completely burned with 12. 5 percent excess air. Calculate the Volume of air used to burn 1Kg of fuel, measured at 1. 01 bars and 18 °C. Air contains 23 percent oxygen by mass. Atomic mass relationship: Hydrogen=2, Carbon=12, Oxygen=16. 28. An oil engine has a volumetric compression ratio of 13:1. At the commencement of compression the air in the cylinder is at 1 bar and 15. 6 °C. Calculate the temperature and pressure at the end of compression if the index of compression is 1. 8. 29. A single acting air compressor working without clearance has a 220mm bore and 200mm stroke. The suction conditions are 1 bar 27 °C and running speed is 10 rev/sec. if compression is according to the law pV1. 3=Constant and the discharge pressure is 10 bar. Calculate, a. The mass of air compressed per hour, and b. The discharge temperature. 30. Calculate the final temperatures and final total heat of both (a) and (b). a. Water at 65. 6  °C h aving a mass of 45. 36 kg is cooled by placing 4. 536 kg of ice at -8. 9 °C into the water. b. Water at 65. 6 °C having a mass of 54. 1 kg is cooled by addition of 22. 68 kg of water at 26. 7 °C. 31. An impulse steam turbine operates at 50rev/sec. The mean blade tip diameter is 0. 6m. The blade exit angle is 30 ° and the velocity of the steam relative to the blade at blade exit is 300 m/s. Calculate or determine by any other means the kinetic energy of steam leaving the blades per kilogram of steam flow. 32. A perfect gas at 3. 1 bar and 30 °C is compressed according to the law pV1. 3=constant until its temperature increases to 215 °C. Sketch the process on a p-V diagram and calculate: a.The pressure at the end of compression. b. The changes in enthalpy and internal energy per kilogram of gas. 33. In an ideal constant volume cycle the temperature at the beginning of compression is 50 °C. the volumetric compression ratio is 5:1. If the heat supplied during the bible is 930 KJ/Kg of working fluid, calculate: a. The maximum temperature attained on the cycle, b. Work done during the cycle/kg of working fluid, and c. The thermal efficiency of the cycle. Take ?=1. 4 and Cv= 0. 1717 KJ/Kg K. 34. A fuel has a mass analysis of carbon 87 percent, hydrogen 5. percent and remainder ash. The calorific value of carbon and hydrogen are 34MJ/kg and 145 MJ/kg respectively. Calculate for one kilogram of fuel: a. The calorific value, b. The mass of exhaust gas if 35 percent excess air is supplied. When burning fuel, why is excess air used? Air contains 23 percent oxygen by mass Atomic mass relationships: hydrogen=1, oxygen=16, carbon=12. 35. One kilogram of dry saturated steam at 4 bars is contained in a cylinder fitted with a piston. The steam rejects 320 KJ of heat energy at constant pressure is 1. 4 bars. Calculate: a.The condition of the steam on completion of cooling at constant pressure, b. The condition of the steam on completion of cooling at constant volum e, and c. The quantity of heat energy rejected during constant volume cooling. 36. A steam turbine which operates at 50rev/s has a mean blade-ring diameter of 1m at a certain stage. The blades are designed for 50 percent reaction and have the exit and inlet angles at 30 ° and 50 ° respectively. The turbine is supplied with steam at the ratio of 166. 67kg/s and the stage efficiency is 85 percent. Calculate or determine by any other means: a.The power output of the stage, and b. The specific enthalpy drop in the stage. 37. In Ammonia refrigeration plant the refrigerant leaves the condenser at 22 °C as saturated liquid. The evaporator pressure is 2. 077bar and refrigerant leaves the evaporator 0. 98 dry saturated. For a cooling load of 40kW, calculate: a. The rate of circulation of the refrigerant (kg/s), b. The effective swept volume of the compressor (m3) if its speed is 1 rev/s. 38. A copper bar of 75mm diameter, 13m long is heated by a direct current flowing through the bar. The steady electrical input to the bar is 500W.Assuming the bar is well-insulated and neglecting conduction heat losses at the leads, calculate the wires taken for the temperature of the bar to increase from 5 °C to 365 °C. 39. A single stage double acting air compressor deals with 18. 2m3 of air per minute measured at conditions of 1. 61325 bar 15 °C. The condition at the beginning of compression is 0. 965 bar 27 °C and the discharge pressure is 4. 82 bars. The compression is according to the law pV1. 32=constant. If the mechanical efficiency of the compressor is 0. 9 calculate the input power required to drive the compressor. 40.In a steady flow process the working fluid enters and leaves a horizontal system with negligible velocity. The temperature drop from inlet to outlet is 480 °C and the heat losses from the system are 10KJ/kg of fluid. Determine the power output from the system for a fluid flow of 1. 7kg/s. For fluid Cp=900 J/kgK. 41. A four stroke single cylinder engine working on constant volume cycle, develops 7. 5 KW(Brake) at 60 rev/s, the mechanical efficiency being 0. 8. The pressure at the â€Å"beginning of compression† is 0. 97 bar. The engine has a volumetric compression ratio of 7 and the maximum pressure reached in the cycle is 34 bar.If both compression and expansion is according to the law pV1. 38=constant. Calculate: a. The indicated mean effective pressure, and b. The diameter of the cylinder if stroke/bore ratio is 1. 25. 42. A boiler generates steam at 40 bar 400 °C and supplied to a steam turbine at the rate of 14 kg/s. due to frictional and heat losses the steam at the turbine inlet is at 37 bar 350 °C. If the steam velocity leaving the boiler is 30 m/s and the change in the kinetic energy of steam is negligible. Calculate: a. The diameter of the steam supply pipe, and b. The heat loss from the steam supply pipe.

Benefits of Volunteering Abroad

The Benefits of Doing Volunteer Work Abroad Being a volunteer abroad does not give you monetary compensation for the time spent working. However, the time spent on volunteering abroad can improve the community and the world at large. The unselfish work that you do has innumerable benefits – for both oneself and others. Although you may not receive a fat cheque for the effort that you put in undertaking volunteer work aboard, there are many indirect benefits volunteering for work abroad. Here are some of the benefits of doing volunteer work abroad In everyday life you experience situations that call for your help. A passion to help others can be fulfilled by volunteering for work abroad. Committing your time and energy to the cause that you care about will bring you immense satisfaction. Improving Your Skills There are two things which are important in every individual's life: a) Change and improvement in one's skill b) Sharing the skills, knowledge and experience with others When you do volunteer work abroad you get a chance to do both. Each person that you interact with when you volunteer has some skill and knowledge to impart. You get to learn more and more things about the issue that you support. You can get an opportunity to practice the new skills that you learned while volunteering. Also, you get an opportunity to pass on the knowledge that you have. The satisfaction of sharing your knowledge with co-volunteers and children can be rewarding. 1 / 3 The Benefits of Doing Volunteer Work Abroad Make New Friends You can make many new friends when you do volunteer work abroad. The volunteers and employees of non-profit organisations are often some of the kindest people you can meet. These people are always ready to help, no matter what the problem. These people are unselfish and live in the hardest of conditions to make the world a better place. They are the best people you will come across, so make sure you value your friendship with them. You also get to meet people from diverse backgrounds that you may never get an opportunity to meet in your daily life. Feeling good about helping others Have you ever given a meal to a stranger or helped someone who is sick? If you haven't, then I suggest you give it a try. If you have helped someone, then you know how it feels to help others without expecting anything in return. You get the same feeling when volunteering abroad for a cause that you care about. You will feel good when you help someone. Over time, you will realise that you are addicted to helping others and you want to devote as much time as possible to helping others. Make a Difference The fact that you can make a difference in someone else's life will give you immense satisfaction. Volunteering aboard will give you an opportunity to help others. Putting in time and effort will help in: a) Making a difference in someone else's life b) Making the community and world at large a better place to live in. This effort that you put in will have a long-lasting impact on the community. 2 / 3 The Benefits of Doing Volunteer Work Abroad Confidence Building When you volunteer for work abroad you face many new challenges. These challenges help in developing your skills and improving your self-confidence. Also, you have so many people to help you that you learn a lot from them. These experiences will help you to deal with difficult situations in everyday life. So, volunteer for cause that you believe and help improve yourself – and the world. 3 / 3

Pansy as a commodity, Portrait of a lady essays

Pansy as a commodity, Portrait of a lady essays Pansy was a perfectly molded little lady. Her father wanted to make sure that she would follow his wishes without any reasoning. She spent her educational years in a convent. At the point when she was introduced to us she didnt know life at all. She knew about life only what her father told her. He was her teacher and her mentor. She never believed that he can be wrong or had any thoughts of questioning his truth. When she was in public she didnt know how to present herself like a perfect lady. Even though she was very neat concerning her appearance and manner, but something was missing to complete it. She lacks in a deplorable degree the quality known and esteemed in the appearance of female as style. Pansy and Isabel have major difference and similarities between them. They are the same at their knowledge of the world. Both of them know too little about life. Pansy as Isabel in the beginning know only what happens in the house and do not worry about outside life. She is the same as Isabel, who lived in a dream of perfect reality. The differences are in their views of independence. Unlike Pansy, Isabel sees herself as an independent woman, who will do everything in order to protect her independence. At point where we will discus her as commodity she is nineteenth years old. It is the time for her to marry. In her previous travels she met a man named Edward Rosier. He felt in love with her. Fortunate for Edward Rosier Pansy likes him a lot. She agreed to marry him only if her father will agree. Unfortunately, Rosiers fortune is not big enough to satisfy Osmond. When Rosier founds that Osmond will not let Pansy to married him because he is not rich enough, he talks to Madam Merle. In their conversation he enlisted Madam Merle help to convince Osmond to allow Pansy marry him. In the conversation between Madam Merle and Osmond, they discussed Pansy as if she was a thing for sale. ...

Say It Right in Spanish

Say It Right in Spanish Thats right. Go to the right. Its my right to vote for a candidate from the right. Its just not right. Youve got it right. As the above sentences indicate, right is one of those English words that has a multitude of meanings. Although  many dictionaries give derecho as the first choice of Spanish words meaning right, its use would be absolutely wrong to translate some of the above sentences. Right as a Direction The Spanish way to refer to the opposite of left is usually derecho  (and its forms for gender and number)  when used as an adjective or the phrase  a la derecha as an adverb. The technique of using the right hand to play the violin is something that ought to be learned correctly. La tà ©cnica de uso de la mano derecha para tocar el violà ­n es algo que debe aprenderse correctamente.Symbolic language is rooted in the right side of the brain. El lenguaje simbà ³lico est radicado en el lado derecho del cerebro.The doctors have to amputate Jorges right leg. Los mà ©dicos tienen que amputar la pierna derecha de Jorge.The car turned right to the end of the street. El coche girà ³ a la derecha al final de la calle.Look right!  ¡Mira a la derecha! A la derecha is also used to mean to the right: His political positions often are to the right of those of this rivals. Sus posiciones polà ­ticas con frecuencia estaban a la derecha de las de sus rivales.Look to the right side of your screen. Mira a la derecha de tu pantalla. Right Meaning Correct When right means correct, the cognate correcto (or its adverb form, correctamente) can usually be used. Other synonymous words or phrases often work well also. Examples include bien or bueno, depending on whether an adverb or adjective, respectively, is needed. To be right can usually be translated as tener razà ³n. I think the article is right. Creo que el artà ­culo es correcto.Take the time in order to make the right decision. Tà ³mese el tiempo para tomar la decisià ³n correcta.I want to pick the right curtains. Quiero elegir las cortinas correctas. If the inhaler is used right the aerosol shouldnt drip from your nose. Si el inhalador se usa correctamente el aerosol no deber gotear de la nariz. Do you have the right time?  ¿Tienes el tiempo bueno? The customer is always right. El cliente siempre tiene razà ³n. Fortunately they werent right. Por suerte no tuvieron razà ³n. Right Meaning Just or Fair Often right carries the meaning of fairness or justice. In such cases, justo is usually a good translation, although in context correcto can have that meaning as well. Many poor people live here. That isnt right. Muchos pobres viven aquà ­. Eso no es justo.Thats true, it is difficult to do the right thing. Es verdad, es muy difà ­cil hacer lo justo. Right as an Entitlement A right in the sense of a moral or legal entitlement is a derecho. Civil rights ought to be respected, even during a national emergency. Los derechos civiles deben de ser respetados, inclusive en tiempos de estado de emergencia nacional.I have the right to be free of all types of abuse. Tengo el derecho de estar libre de todas las formas de abuso. Right Used as Emphasis Right is used in many contexts in English as a general word of emphasis. Often, it does not need to be translated into Spanish, or you may have to translate the meaning indirectly or with some idiom that is specific to what youre trying to say. Many variations other than those listed here are possible: What are you doing right now?  ¿Quà © ests haciendo ahora mismo?If possible, the baby should get milk right after being born. Si es posible, el bebà © debe mamar inmediatamente despuà ©s de nacer.The solution is right here. La solucià ³n est aquà ­ mismo.Ill pay you right away. Voy a pagarte sin demora. Miscellaneous Phrases and Uses Often you can figure out a way of saying right by thinking of an alternative way of expressing the idea in English. For example, to say, The portrait is just right, you might say the equivalent of The portrait is perfect: El retrato es perfecto. Some miscellaneous phrases will have to be learned separately: right angle, right triangle; el ngulo recto, el tringulo rectoright-click (computer use), hacer clic con el botà ³n derecho del ratà ³nright-handed, diestroright of way, el derecho de pasoright-shift key, la tecla derecha de mayà ºsculasright wing (noun), la derecharight-wing (adjective), derechistaright-winger, el/la derechistato right (make correct), rectifar, reparar, rectificarto right (make upright), enderezar Etymological Note Although it may not be obvious, the English words right and the Spanish words derecho and correcto are etymologically related to each other. They all come from a Proto-Indo-European root word that had meanings connected with  moving in a straight line or leading. From that root we get words such a direct (directo in Spanish), rectitude (rectitud), erect (erecto), rule, ruler, regal, rey (king), and reina (queen).

Financial Services Industries Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Financial Services Industries - Essay Example This destabilization asks questions about the various organizational practices and balance sheet structures that these two types of financial institutions utilize. Furthermore, the regulatory agencies involved in the monitoring of securities firms play a vital role in protecting consumers and investors, and the solvency of the bank system is a vital component of social stability not only in the U.S. economy but globally speaking. This paper will briefly examine some of the differences in structure and operation of depository institutions as well as examine the regulatory processes involved in supervising the securities firms. As an illustration of the crumbling barrier between banking and commerce consider that during the 1970s there were predictions that there was a decline in banking as balance sheets for commercial banks had fallen to their lowest levels in years (Federal Reserve Bank, 1998). In response a number of deregulation initiatives were instituted to spur growth for depository institutions. To manage the acknowledged increased risk that deregulation would entail the FDIC systematically raised the minimum level of the capital-to-asset ratio. However, because of deregulation and the FDIC response this encouraged depository institutions to move business off their balance sheets, for example, by packaging and selling various product lines in the form of securities. This â€Å"securitization† of assets, such as mortgages, auto loans, and credit-card loans- shifts loans to permanent investors, leaving the depository institutions to service the loans for a fee. "Origination, distribution, and servicing capabilities have therefore become increasingly significant elements of the banking business, while building up the balance sheet, once perceived as a measure of an institutions eminence, has diminished in importance" (Federal Reserve Bank, 1998, p. 61). The operational practices and balance sheet structure are in fact markedly different

Developing Performance and Career Management in Talent Management Essay

Developing Performance and Career Management in Talent Management - Essay Example Performance examination serves to rate the performance of the employees and assess their commitment towards the organizational objectives. Assuming that the methodology of performance evaluations is formal and legitimately organized, it helps the employees to obviously comprehend their parts and obligations and provide guidance to the singular's performance. It serves to arrange the distinct performances with the organizational objectives and likewise supervise their performance. Performance appraisal takes into account the past performance of the employees and focuses on the improvement of the future performance of the employees. Performance appraisal is a piece of vocation advancement. The most recent mantra being emulated by associations over the planet being – "get paid as per your performance" – the center of the associations is turning to performance management and particularly to singular performance. Performance appraisal serves to rate the performance of the em ployees and assess their commitment towards the organizational objectives. ... Performance appraisal is likewise nearly joined to other HR courses of action like serves to recognize the preparation and improvement needs, advancements, downgrades, changes in the recompense and so on. A sentiment imparted in a positive way heads off far to rouse the employees and serves to recognize singular profession developmental arrangements. In light of the assessment, employees can advance their profession objectives, accomplish new levels of capabilities and outline their vocation movement. Performance appraisal sways employees to strengthen their qualities and beat their shortcomings. Career development is the amassing and growth of abilities and information that empower an expert to development or develop in the field of his or her decision. This can take the manifestation of instructive or scholastic courses, proficient affirmation and preparing, or commonsense, at work experience. In the field of mechanical building, one of the keys to career development is affirmation , a transportable impression of the way that a distinctive has accomplished a certain aptitude level. Performance appraisal & career development incorporates the territory of career development, which is an amazingly fascinating and essential region of word related brain research and one which offers an extraordinary arrangement of work fulfillment. Career development and performance appraisal might be more serious for associations and their employees when every framework draws on the quality of the other – the "now" introduction of performance appraisal and "what's to come" introduction of career development. To fulfill this commonly fortifying process, the two frameworks must be seen as helping the same objective – talent

Response to an article od the new york time Essay

Response to an article od the new york time - Essay Example Having observed in my own community, the variety in the said parental stimulation that occurs from family-to-family has produced diverse results in the cognitive, social, as well as in the emotional development of the children. Parents who gave an enthusiastic interaction—through singing, conversations and acknowledgement of ‘BA BA BAs,’ resulted to more advanced child development; while children who lack parental stimulation and interaction, and had no choice but to learn words on their own, tend to have slow progress. Furthermore, problems in the home, as well as in the child’s hearing, oral motor and understanding, as pointed out by Dr. Klass, were truly linked with, and revealed by, the child response to interaction, which, in the case of babies, babbling. It is in this premise that, I concur with what was presented in the article, â€Å"Understanding ‘Ba Ba Ba’ as a Key to Development,† and trust in its impact in the child’s development. Reference: Klass, P. â€Å"Understanding ‘Ba Ba Ba’ as a Key to Development.† The New York Times. 11 October 2010. 27 May 2011.

Socio-economic Influences on Health

Socio-economic Influences on Health Scenario You are employed by the Public Health England as an assistant to the regional Public health officer in UK. Your manager has asked you to produce a report on why the life expectancy of individuals in the Midlands is lower than the London. Your report should cover AC 1.1, 1.2 and 1.3 (Evidence type-Report) AC 1.1 Explain the effects of socio-economic influences on health. Your report should highlight the reasons for the difference in life expectancy for the two regions M1. The term socio-economic has been developed from the sociology and economic disciplines which, respectively, explore and examine people which comprise society and the economy which encapsulates finance. Together, social and economic factors, their interaction is examined to identify its impact and/influence on outcomes such as health. Socio-economic factors include income/low or no income, employment/unemployment, the environment, access to information, and citizenship status. The availability of jobs, and the type of jobs, is, in the main, the factor which impacts on life expectancy. Income is derived from employment, whether self or external, and with income housing can either be purchased or rented, food can be bought and citizenship issues can be resolved; albeit across a range such as the quality of food and housing stock. However, it is quite often the case that without income acquiring food, clothing and shelter is problematic. Over many years the main industries, which allowed families to manage their lives, have been either reduced or eliminated across the UK, and more so in some areas than in others. In the Midlands many of the textile industries no longer exist, as too the car manufacturing industries, and training in new technologies, available in other areas of the UK such as London, has either not been made available or is available in specific areas as opposed to all areas. Hence, without investment in other technologies by both the private and public sector jobs in areas such as the Midlands are limited; educated Midlands people whose voice may have been heard in demanding better civic services, such as in regular weekly bin collection, are no longer heard as many migrate to London for employment, and/or better employment opportunities. High socio-economic factors almost guarantees good health in that the quality of food is most likely to be nutritious and with ready access to health information, whether in text or through networking such as having a neighbour who is a doctor or a medical researcher, high socio-economic individuals will manage and monitor their health with regular visit to alternative practitioners and gyms as they practise a preventative health lifestyle to avoid negative socio-economic health conditions. Obviously, some health conditions cannot be prevented if they are hereditary but, conditions linked to obesity for example, are more likely to be avoided with the assistance of a physical fitness trainer for example. In so doing, obesity is avoided and linked lifestyle conditions such as Type 2 diabetes and hypertension can either be avoided or delayed. This may not be the case with those living with low incomes, either owing to poorly paid employment positions or unemployment. Such people would n ot be able to afford a personal trainer who may also assist them in constructing a menu conducive to a healthy lifestyle; notably not all vegetables are of the same nutritious quality so even if low income families are eating healthily they may not be eating quality health food when compared with those with a high income (Fowajuh, 2007; Joseph Rowntree Foundation, 2011). Based on available employment opportunities, it would be safe to claim that high income individuals/families are more likely to be found in London than in the Midlands, with the observation that life expectancy being greater in London than in the Midlands. Along with the quality of food purchased, and opportunities to purchase help to support a healthy physical regime, is the issue of housing. Low income individuals may have to content themselves with having a roof over their heads, irrespective of damp which brings on mould, poor heating and a generally unpleasant environment. Conditions, as stated in previous sentence, impacts on respiratory health, and if a child grows up in such conditions, these conditions can either exacerbate asthma or increase the chances of developing it, with long-term effects into adulthood and quite limiting life expectancy. A child from a high income family may have asthma but the chances of his or her home environment aggravating the condition is quite minimal, if at all. In addition, those with high disposable incomes are more likely to live in hospital trust areas which are well resourced and well-funded, and if not they are more likely to make a fuss to try and force a change or have the know how to de mand a second opinion or go to the private sector; Low income individuals are unlikely to do the same and most certainly will not have the finance to go private Quite, unfortunately, socio-economic factors, which are greatly affected by income leave certain regions in the UK at the mercy of those dispensing healthcare, whether it is adequate and fit for purpose or not, hence the discrepancy in life expectancy in regions such as London and the Midlands. In essence, the central socio-economic factor, Money buys goods and services that improve health. The money families have, the better the goods and services they can buy. [and] For various reasons, people on low incomes are more likely to adopt unhealthy behaviours smoking and drinking, for example while those on higher incomes are more able to afford healthier lifestyles (Joseph Rowntree Foundation, 2014). AC 1.2 Assess the relevance of government sources in reporting on inequalities in health in England There are many various government sources reporting on the levels of health experienced by public service users across England. These sources include Health Survey for England (HSFE), Acheson Report Independent Inquiry in Inequalities in Health (1998), Census Data and Health and Lifestyle Surveys (HALS). These sources, with the exception of the Census Data, provide a snapshot of health of public health service users in England. The information acquired from these different sources assist the government in its decision making when allocating health related funding to the various regions in England, recognising that the variation in health needs, or to be precise health inequalities, within one particular region may be as great, or greater than, the variation in needs between regions. In a blog, on the Guardian website in 2010, the following statement partly explains the relevance of government sources in reporting on inequalities in health in England in that It has been said that each stop on the District line to east London cuts life expectancy by a year (Guardian, 2010). The District line runs through some of the most expensive areas in London through to some of the most deprived. Drawing on statistics produced by the Office of National Statistics (ONS), this same blog highlighted the following: the average life expectancy age of a man in London is 78.6; however along the District Line, from west to east, the following boroughs showed variants around this average age, as follows: Ealing 78.9 Hammersmith Fulham 78.1 Kensington Chelsea 84.4 Westminster 83.4 Tower Hamlets 76.0 Newham 76.2 Barking and Dagenham 76.5 (Guardian, 2010). In an NHS study on life expectancy it was observed that Money may not buy you happiness, but it is linked to good health (NHS, 2015). Notably, this report considered the North-South divide in England, but this observation is very much applicable to the findings included in the Guardian blog above. Either side of the two richest boroughs in England, Kensington Chelsea and Westminster, the link between money and health, in London, is clear. At the west end of the District line male life expectancy differs from the London average by tenths of a percentage point; Ealing being six tenths of a percentage point higher, while Hammersmith and Fulham is five tenths of a percentage point lower. Overall family income levels are not as high in these two boroughs when compared with Kensington Chelsea and Westminster, however, family income levels are higher than those in Tower Hamlets, Newham and Barking Dagenham which have all been classed, at various times, as deprived boroughs (Hill, 2015). Although, the examples of life expectancy above are for men in London, the point should not be missed that money, or to be precise the lack of money, does play a part in health inequalities. Thus, it is undoubtedly necessary for the government to be fully conversant with the varying conditions of wealth, which impact health outcomes, across England. In this way, funding and resources should be deployed to areas experiencing inequalities in health, and in so doing health inequalities should be address for the benefit of the population most in need of public funded health care. AC 1.3 Discuss reasons for barriers to accessing healthcare. There are many reasons why there are barriers to accessing healthcare. These reasons include a lack of education, information, funding for staff and facilities and mobility, plus limited or no access to GPs and other health professionals. In detail, there is a somewhat convoluted cycle of lack which may results in those with the most health needs not receiving the necessary medical attention. A lack of education may prevent a potential public service user from accessing and/or receiving the relevant information even if it is available, which may assist them in making an informed decision as to which health professional could be seen first. In England, now, a pharmacist could be the first point of call, avoiding possible long waits to see a GP. Therefore, simple and treatable conditions could get worst while awaiting a GP appointment. Without the appropriate information a public service user may not know that a certain question should be asked; it is difficult to ask a question if one is ignorant of the fact that a question should be asked. Lack of information, along with restricted numbers in staffing contributes to ignorance in health related conditions, since the staff which could possibly mitigate the outcomes, arising from no written information by sharing that information in discussion, may have been cut owing to limited and/or reduced funding. Funding, or the lack of it, reduces staffing levels and the appropriate facilities to address public health issues. Funding also impacts on GP availability if a health trust decides to cut funding per patient to a GP; in this way GPs may be reluctant to accept new patients, or reduce surgery cover which may impact on the services provided by other health professionals linked to a surgery. Without a nearby and accessible surgery, those service users with mobility issue s may find it a struggle to attend the nearest surgery which requires a journey involving two or more changes using public transport. Whatever the reason, or combination of reasons, for being unable to access healthcare, most negative outcomes are probably quite preventable, and as such more costly to the public health providers when corrective action must be taken. REFERENCES Fowajuh, G. (2007) West Midlands Key Health Data 2007/08 Chapter Ten: Inequalities in Life Expectancies in the West Midlands Available online at  http://medweb4.bham.ac.uk/websites/key_health_data/2007/ch_10.htm  accessed on 27/02/17 Hill, D. (2015) Londons Poorest Boroughs Once Again Prepare to Make the Biggest Cuts Available online at  https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/davehillblog/2015/feb/23/londons-poorest-boroughs-once-again-prepare-to-make-the-biggest-cuts accessed 27/02/2017 Joseph Rowntree Foundation (2011) Does Income Inequality Cause Health and Social Problems? Available online at https://www.jrf.org.uk/report/does-income-inequality-cause-health-and-social-problems accessed on 27/02/17 Joseph Rowntree Foundation (2014) How does Money Influence Health? Available online at https://www.jrf.org.uk/report/how-does-money-influence-health accessed on 27/02/17 NHS (2015) Study Finds North-South Divide in UK Life Expectancy Available online at http://www.nhs.uk/news/2015/09September/Pages/Study-finds-North-South-divide-in-UK-life-expectancy.aspx accessed on 27/02/17